Cell

ABSTRACT

A cell such as a nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell includes a plurality of power-generating elements each of which includes a strip-like positive electrode and a strip-like negative electrode both wound into an elliptic cylinder with a separator being interposed therebetween, each power-generating element having a peripheral face including at least a flat portion, a cell case for housing the power-generating elements, the cell case having an opening, and a cover hermetically sealing the opening of the cell case. The flat portion of each power-generating element is superposed on the flat portion of the adjacent power-generating element, and a sheet member is wound around peripheries of the power-generating elements superposed to fasten the power-generating elements such that the power-generating elements are integrated.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] This invention relates to a cell comprising a plurality of generally elliptic cylindrical wound generating elements, such as nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell.

[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0004] In conventional prismatic cells of large discharge capacity, e. g. a nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell, a plurality of elliptic cylindrical wound power-generating elements are superposed and housed into a cell case. In the nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell, as shown in FIG. 9, four elliptic cylindrical wound power-generating elements 3 have respective peripheral flat side faces super posed on one another and are housed into a cell case 1. FIG. 10 illustrates a connecting structure of the power-generating elements 3 and current collectors 4. The illustrated nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell comprises four elliptic cylindrical wound power-generating elements 3 connected in parallel to one another. Each generating element 3 includes a strip-like positive electrode and a strip-like negative electrode both wound into the shape of an elliptic cylindrical winding with a separator interposed therebetween. The positive electrode is made of a strip-like aluminum foil having a surface on which a positive active material is carried, whereas the negative electrode is made of a strip-like copper foil having a surface on which a negative active material is carried.

[0005] The active material is applied to a substrate of each electrode except for at least one of edges thereof. The power-generating element 3 is wound so that a portion of the positive electrode to which the active material is applied is substantially opposed to a portion of the negative electrode to which the active material is applied with the separator 3 c being interposed therebetween. The active material is not applied to a substrate edge 3 a′ of the positive electrode, and the active material is not applied to a substrate edge 3 b′ of the negative electrode. The substrate edges 3 a′ and 3 b′ are disposed so as to be opposed to each other with the opposed active-material-applied portions being interposed therebetween.

[0006] The active-material-applied face of the negative electrode 3 b is disposed on an outer peripheral side face of the wound power-generating element 3, or another substrate of the positive or negative electrode 3 a or 3 b is wound on the peripheral side face of the wound power-generating element 3 once, or only another separator is wound on the peripheral side face of the wound power-generating element 3. A tape made from polypropylene resin is applied to an end of the wound power-generating element 3 so that the power-generating element is maintained in a wound state.

[0007] In the power-generating element 3 of the elliptic cylindrical wound type, each of the substrate edges 3 a′ and 3 b′ comprises arc portions curved and overlapped and a flat overlapped straight portion. Two current collectors 4 are connected to the straight portions of the substrate edges 3 a′ and 3 b′ respectively. Each current collector 4 includes recesses of corrugated electrode-connecting portions 4 b. The substrate edges 3 a′ and 3 b′ are put into the recesses to be welded as shown in FIG. 9, thereby serving as leads connecting the positive and negative plates to positive and negative terminals, respectively. An aluminum alloy plate is usually used as the current collector 4 connected to the substrate edge 3 a′ of the positive electrode, whereas a copper alloy plate is usually used as the current collector 4 connected to the substrate edge 3 b′ of the negative electrode.

[0008] The power-generating element 3 including two current collectors 4 connected as described above is inserted into a casing-like stainless-steel cell case 1 from above and an upper open end of the case 1 is closed by a cover plate (not shown), as shown in FIG. 9. A periphery of the cover plate is welded to the can 1 thereby to seal the case. A predetermined amount of electrolyte is poured through a filler hole into the interior of the case 1. The filler hole is thereafter closed, whereupon a nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell is thus provided. The positive and negative terminals 4 b and 5 b of the respective collector tabs 4 and 5 extend through the cover plate while being insulated from the cover plate.

[0009] In the cell comprising the elliptic cylindrical wound power-generating elements 3, however, the peripheral flat portion of each power-generating element 3 is gradually curved to be expanded with repeated charge and discharge, whereupon each power-generating element 3 tends to change from the elliptic cylindrical shape to a cylindrical shape. When the power-generating element 3 is thus deformed, a distance between the wound positive and negative electrodes is increased such that the performance of the cell is reduced. Furthermore, the expansion of the peripheral flat portion of the power-generating element 3 forces the cell case 1 to expand, too.

[0010] Furthermore, the active material applied to an outermost negative electrode may come into contact with an inner surface of the cell case 1 to fall off when each power-generating element 3 is put into the case. Additionally, even where the separator is wound around an outermost peripheral face of the power-generating element 3, the separator may be damaged during housing the power-generating element into the case, whereupon an active material applied to inner electrodes may fall off.

[0011] Furthermore, pieces of the active material fallen off move in the cell case 1 during use of the cell, resulting in a tiny short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes. The discharge capacity of the cell reduces rapidly since discharge of a feeble current continuously takes place at a short-circuit portion upon occurrence of such a tiny short circuit. This poses a problem.

[0012] The substrate edges 3 a′ and 3 b′ of the arc portion of the generating element 3 come into contact with the inner face of the cell case 1 to be bent when the elliptic cylindrical wound power-generating element 3 is accommodated in the cell case. In this case, the current collector is sometimes broken to fall off. Further, when an impact force is applied to the substrate edges 3 a′ and 3 b′, the active material sometimes falls off from the electrode part located in the vicinity of the substrate edges 3 a′ and 3 b′. In this case, too, broken pieces of the substrate and fallen pieces of the active substance may adhere to the positive or negative electrode, resulting in a tiny short circuit.

[0013] When the generating element 3 is manufactured, as typically shown in FIG. 10, the separators 3 c are wound on a core 9 by a half turn or one turn while being pressed by a pair of rollers 10, and thereafter, the positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b are wound onto the respective separators 3 c together with the separators. Thus, the positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b are overlapped with the separators 3 c being interposed therebetween thereby to be wound on the core 9 having an elliptic cylindrical section. The core 9 is made of a resin having high electrolyte resistance, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

[0014] A relatively large clamping force is applied to an arc portion S (see FIG. 7) of the generating element 3 manufactured as described above such that the positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b and separators 3 c are dense. On the contrary, the positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b and separators 3 c are sparse in a straight portion Q. Accordingly, the electrolyte is hard to permeate into the arc portion S. Particularly when the separator is excessively pressed such that porosity thereof is reduced, each separator cannot reserve a sufficient amount of electrolyte. This adversely affects the charge and discharge characteristics of the cell, resulting in variations in the characteristics between the generating elements and between the cells.

[0015] On the other hand, when the clamping force is excessively small, an interelectrode distance becomes unstable, whereupon the charge and discharge characteristics vary among generating elements and among cells. Accordingly, in the cell including the elliptic cylindrical wound generating elements, it is important that the interelectrode distance between the positive and negative electrodes should not become unstable in the straight portion where the electrodes and separators are wound by a relatively small force and that the electrolyte should be maintained in the separators sufficiently and homogeneously.

[0016] Reference symbol d designates a width of the power-generating element 3, and reference symbol w designates a thickness of the power-generating element 3. When the value of (d-w) is large, the distance between the positive and negative electrodes is increased in a central flat portion of the peripheral face of the power-generating element 3 even if the peripheral face of the power-generating element 3 is fastened tight by a sheet member. Accordingly, the value of (d-w) is required to be within a proper range.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a cell in which the interelectrode distance between the positive and negative electrodes is maintained at a constant value such that the cell can be prevented from swelling, in which the electrolyte can be maintained in the separators homogeneously so that the variations in the charge and discharge characteristics between the power-generating elements or between the cells, and in which the falling-off of the active material and breakage of the substrates can be prevented so that reduction in the cell capacity and service life of the cell is restrained.

[0018] The present invention provides a cell comprising a plurality of power-generating elements each of which includes a strip-like positive electrode and a strip-like negative electrode both wound into an elliptic cylinder with a separator being interposed therebetween, each power-generating element having a peripheral face including at least a flat portion, a cell case for housing the power-generating elements, the cell case having an opening, and a cover hermetically sealing the opening of the cell case. In the cell, the flat portion of each power-generating element is superposed on the flat portion of the adjacent power-generating element, and a sheet member is wound around peripheries of the power-generating elements superposed to fasten the power-generating elements such that the power-generating elements are integrated.

[0019] A plurality of the power-generating elements are superposed on each other or one another are banded by the sheet member covering them. Accordingly, since the peripheral flat portions of the power-generating elements are pressed against each other or one another, the peripheral flat portions can be restrained from expansion. Consequently, an increase in the interelectrode distance between the positive and negative electrodes can be prevented in each power-generating element, deformation of each power-generating element into the cylindrical shape can be prevented, and the cell case can be prevented from expansion.

[0020] In a preferred form, current collectors are connected to the substrate ends of the positive and negative electrodes of each power-generating element, and the elliptic substrate end of the positive and/or negative electrode includes a part thereof including at least an arc portion bent in a direction of a central winding axis. The bent portion may include a straight portion connected to the current collector.

[0021] The substrate ends are bent inside so as to adhere closely to each other, whereupon the cell can be prevented from deformation. Further, the substrate ends can be prevented from damage when the power-generating elements are housed into the cell case. Additionally, the substrates and active materials on the positive and negative electrodes can be prevented from breakage and falling-off.

[0022] An aforesaid angle of bend of each electrode is preferably at 5° or above. The reason for this is that the bend angle of at least 5° is required in order that the adjacent substrates may reliably adhere closely to each other.

[0023] In order that electrolyte may be maintained in the separator homogeneously, the following relationship is met:

w/4≦d-w≦10w

[0024] where d is a width of the power-generating element, and w is a thickness of the power-generating element.

[0025] The positive and negative electrodes and separator are wound around the core having an elliptic cylindrical section. Even when the winding is banded tightly over the arc portion such that the electrodes and separator are dense, the electrolyte maintained in the straight portion is permeated into the arc portion so that a sufficient amount of electrolyte can be maintained in the arc portion.

[0026] Furthermore, even in the case where the power-generating element is banded by the sheet member when the value of (d-w) is large, the interelectrode distance between the positive and negative electrodes is increased in the central flat portion of the periphery of the power-generating element. Accordingly, it is important to maintain the value of (d-w) within the above-described range.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become clear upon review of the following description of embodiments, made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of two power-generating elements used in a cell in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, showing a step of covering the power-generating elements with a sheet member and banding the elements with a tape having an adhesive material;

[0029]FIG. 2 is a perspective of the power-generating elements covered with the sheet member and banded with the tape;

[0030]FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a manner of connecting current collectors to the power-generating element;

[0031]FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a manner of assembling the power-generating elements and current collectors in a second embodiment in accordance with the invention;

[0032]FIG. 5 is a perspective of the structure in which parts such as the current collectors are mounted on the power-generating elements;

[0033]FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a bent substrate exposed portion of the end of the power-generating element;

[0034]FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of the cell with the power-generating elements;

[0035]FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between a dimensional parameter of the power-generating element, and a ratio of actual capacity to rated capacity;

[0036]FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell including four power-generating elements of the elliptic cylindrical wound type;

[0037]FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a manner of assembling the power-generating elements and current collectors in the conventional nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell; and

[0038]FIG. 11 is a typical sectional view of the power-generating element in which the positive and negative electrodes are wound with the separator being interposed therebetween.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0039] A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. In the embodiment, the invention is applied to a large-scale nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell. The cell comprises four generally elliptic cylindrical wound power-generating elements 3 as in the conventional cell shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. Each power-generating element 3 has a flat peripheral side face superposed on one of the adjacent element and is housed in a cell case 1. The power-generating elements 3 include positive electrodes 3 a and negative electrodes 3 b connected via current collectors 4 to positive terminals 6 a and negative terminals 6 b respectively.

[0040] A strip-like positive electrode 3 a and negative electrode 3 b are wound into the shape of an elliptic cylinder with a separator 3 c being interposed therebetween, as shown in FIG. 11. The positive electrode 3 a includes a strip-like aluminum foil serving as a substrate. The aluminum foil has a surface carrying a positive active material except for one of ends of the foil. The negative electrode 3 b includes a strip-like copper foil serving as a substrate. The copper foil has a surface carrying a negative active material except for one of ends of the foil.

[0041] The wound positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b are displaced slightly toward the winding axis relative to each other so that the positive active material and negative active material are generally opposed to each other with the separator 3 c being interposed therebetween. As a result, a portion of the aluminum foil in the positive electrode 3 a, to which portion no positive active material is applied, is located at one of ends of the power-generating element 3. The portion of the positive electrode 3 a serves as a substrate end 3 a′. A portion of the copper foil in the negative electrode 3 b, to which portion no negative active material is applied, is located at the other end of the power-generating element 3. The portion of the negative electrode 3 b serves as a substrate end 3 b′.

[0042] The aforesaid four power-generating elements 3 are arranged with a peripheral flat portion of each element being superposed on a peripheral flat portion of the adjacent element. In this case, as shown in FIG. 1, peripheral side faces of two power-generating elements 3 are covered with two sheet members 7, and the sheet members 7 are joined by an adhesive tape 8 with an adhesive. More specifically, two power-generating elements 3 are placed on one of the sheet members 7 with a flat peripheral portion of one element being superposed on a flat peripheral portion of the other element, as shown in FIG. 1. The other sheet member 7 is placed on the power-generating elements 3 so as to be opposed to the previously placed sheet member 7, as shown in FIG. 1. The sheet members 7 and accordingly the flat portions of the power-generating elements 3 are pressed by a pressing machine (not shown) or the like in a direction of arrow P in FIG. 1. In a pressed state, the upper and lower sheet members 7 are stretched outwards so as to extend over both outer side faces of the power-generating elements 3. The adhesive tape 8 is applied to both ends of the power-generating elements 3 so that both ends of one sheet member 7 are joined to both ends of the other sheet member 7 respectively. Thus, the sheet members 7 cover the peripheral side faces of the power-generating elements 3, and the adhesive tape 8 is applied so that the power-generating elements 3 are bound tight.

[0043] The power-generating elements 3 are bound tight by the sheet members 7 with the flat peripheral portions being superposed, as shown in FIG. 2. Accordingly, the power-generating elements 3 remain the pressed state even after they are released from the vertical pressure by the pressing machine or the like. This can maintain a homogeneous interelectrode distance between the positive and negative electrodes in a straight portion of the power-generating element where the interelectrode distance tends to easily become unstable, thereby preventing variations in the charge and discharge characteristics between the power-generating elements or cells. Two power-generating elements 3 are bound by the sheet members 7 with the peripheral flat portions of the elements being superposed, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. However, four power-generating elements 3 may simultaneously be bound by the sheet members 7, instead.

[0044] Furthermore, it is desirable that each sheet member 7 has a width substantially equal to a width of the portion of the outermost electrode to which the active material is applied or a width of the separator 3 c, although the width of each sheet member is shorter than that of the active material portion or separator 3 c. Consequently, the outer peripheral faces of the power-generating elements are covered with the sheet members 7, whereupon the active material on the outermost electrode can be prevented from falling off when the power-generating elements are housed in the cell case 1. Further, when the outermost layer of the power-generating element 3 is the separator 3 c, the separator can be prevented from breakage and the active material on the outermost electrode can be prevented from falling off.

[0045] Each sheet member 7 is made from polyphenyl-sulfite resin (PPS), and the adhesive tape 8 is a polyphenyl-sulfite sheet having one side to which an adhesive is applied. However, the materials for the sheet member and adhesive tape should not be limited to those noted above. Any ductile sheet member having high electrolytic resistance and heat resistance may be used. For example, a polypropylene or polyimide resin may be used as the materials for the sheet member 7 and adhesive tape 8, instead. Further, cloth, unwoven cloth or paper may be used other than a resin. Further, an adhesive or bonding agent may be applied to the sheet member 8 instead of the adhesive tape 8. Additionally, the sheet members 7 may directly be secured together by heat welding or the like.

[0046] Referring now to FIG. 3, the nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell of the foregoing embodiment comprises two pairs of power-generating elements 3 each pair including two power-generating elements bounded by the sheet members 7. A peripheral flat portion of each power-generating element is superposed on a peripheral flat portion of the adjacent power-generating element. Two current collectors 4 are connected to opposite ends of the superposed elements 3 respectively. Each current collector 4 has a terminal 6 connected to central upper end of a corrugated plate. The positive substrate ends 3 a′ located at one end of the power-generating elements 3 are fitted into recesses of the corrugation of the positive current collector 4 to be connected by ultrasonic welding. As a result, the parallel-connected positive electrodes 3 a of the four power-generating elements 3 are connected to the positive terminal 6. Further, the negative substrate ends 3 b′ located at the other end of the power-generating elements 3 are fitted into recesses of the corrugation of the negative current collector 4 to be connected by ultrasonic welding, whereby the parallel-connected negative electrodes 3 b of the four power-generating elements 3 are connected to the negative terminal 6.

[0047] The four power-generating elements 3 connected via the current collectors 4 to the positive and negative terminals 6 are housed into a box-like metal cell case 1. An upper open end of the cell case 1 is then closed by a cover (not shown). Upper ends of the positive and negative terminals 6 extend through holes (not shown) of the cover with an insulating sealer (not shown) filling the holes, protruding outward. The interior of the cell case 1 is then filled with a predetermined amount of nonaqueous electrolyte and closed, whereby the nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell is completed.

[0048] In the above-described nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell, two power-generating elements 3 are bound by the sheet members 7 with the peripheral flat faces of the elements being superposed on each other. Consequently, since the flat peripheral faces of the power-generating elements 3 are caused to push each other, each power-generating element 3 can be restrained from deformation from the elliptic cylindrical shape to the cylindrical shape by expansion of the peripheral flat face thereof. Accordingly, the interelectrode distance can be prevented from being increased in each power-generating element 3, whereupon a reduction in the performance of the cell can be prevented. Consequently, since the electrolyte is maintained in the separator homogeneously, variations in the performance between the power-generating elements or the cells can be restrained. Additionally, the cell case 1 can be prevented from being swollen by the power-generating elements 3 housed therein.

[0049] Furthermore, the active material applied to the outermost negative electrode can be prevented from being brought into contact with the inner surface of the cell case 1 thereby to fall off when the power-generating elements 3 are housed into the cell case. Additionally, if the separator 3 c is wound on the outermost layer of the power-generating element 3, the separator is prevented from being broken when the power-generating elements 3 are housed into the cell case 1 and accordingly, the active material located inside the separator 3 c can be prevented from falling off. This can prevent the fallen active material from causing a tiny short-circuit between the positive and negative electrodes and can accordingly prevent an early reduction in the cell capacity and a reduction in the service life of the cell.

[0050] FIGS. 4 to 8 illustrate a second embodiment of the invention. In the second embodiment, the invention is applied to a nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell having a different current collecting structure from that in the first embodiment, and a metal foil of the electrode projecting from an end face of the power-generating element is bent at an arc portion.

[0051]FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate a connecting structure for the power-generating element 3 and current collector 4. The nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell includes a parallel connection of two elliptic cylindrical power-generating elements 3. Each power-generating element 3 comprises a horizontally disposed generally trapezoidal collector body 4 a and four generally comb-teeth-like slender connecting portions 4 b diverged downward from a bottom side of the body 4 a. Each connecting portion 4 b includes a plurality of convex portions formed at predetermined interval so as to protrude therefrom. Each current collector 4 is made by stamping an aluminum or copper alloy plate by pressing, and the convex portions are formed on each connecting portion 4 b. Each connecting portion 4 b is twisted or otherwise bent at its root by 90 degrees relative to the body 4 a. Adjacent two of the four connecting portions 4 b are paired, and each one connecting portion 4 b is twisted so as to be turned in the opposite direction to the other connecting portion 4 b. As a result, the convex portions of paired connecting portions 4 b confront each other.

[0052] The current collectors 4 are disposed so that the bodies 4 a are located over both ends of the power-generating elements 3 and the connecting portions 4 b are located along the end faces of the power-generating elements respectively. The current collector 4 comprising the aluminum alloy plate is disposed at the end face where the aluminum substrate ends 3 a′ of the positive electrodes 3 a of the power-generating elements 3 are located. The current collector 4 comprising the copper alloy plate is disposed at the end face where the copper substrate ends 3 b′ of the negative electrodes 3 b of the power-generating elements 3 are located. The straight portions of the ends 3 a′ and 3 b′ are held between the paired connecting portions 4 b and further connected to be fixed by the holding plates 5 respectively. Each holding plate 5 is made by folding a rectangular metal plate at its center lengthwise. Each holding plate 5 used at the positive electrode 3 a side is made of an aluminum alloy plate, whereas each holding plate 5 used at the negative electrode 3 b side is made of a copper alloy plate.

[0053] An ultrasonic or resistance welding is applied to both sides of each holding plate 5 holding the respective connecting portion 4 b and substrate end 3 a′ or 3 b′, whereby the connecting portion 4 b and substrate end 3 a′ or 3 b′ are joined together. Each connecting portion 4 b has the convex portions formed on the inner side thereof superposed on the substrate end 3 a′ or 3 b′. Ultrasonic energy or resistive heat is concentrated on the convex portions, whereupon the connecting portion 4 b and substrate end 3 a′ or 3 b′ can reliably be joined together.

[0054] Referring now to FIG. 6, the nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell is shown in its longitudinal section. In the second embodiment, the straight portions of the substrate ends 3 a′ and 3 b′ are held between the connecting portions 4 b and fixed by the holding plates 5, and the arc portions of the substrate ends 3 a′ and 3 b′ are bent inward. Accordingly, the substrate end 3 a′ or 3 b′ of each arc portion has a corrugated distal end and is narrowed such that the substrate ends adhere closely to each other.

[0055] In the second embodiment, it is preferable that the substrate ends 3 a′ and 3 b′ should be bent at an angle of 5 degrees or above. Further, an inclination need not be constant and the inclination may gradually be increased toward the distal end. In this case, a maximum inclination angle should be at or above 5 degrees. When the angle is small, gaps among arc portions of the wound substrate ends 3 a′ or 3 b′ are rendered small. In order that the substrate ends may be caused to reliably adhere closely to one another and strength against deformation may be maintained, the substrate ends 3 a′ and 3 b′ need to be bent at least 5 degrees. Bending the substrate ends 3 a′ and 3 b′ may be carried out immediately after winding the power-generating element 3 or after mounting to the current collectors 4.

[0056] The substrate ends 3 a′ and 3 b′ of each power-generating element 3 are bent at the arc portions so as to adhere closely to each other. Accordingly, the substrate ends 3 a′ and 3 b′ are not deformed even if the ends collide with a wall of the cell case or are rubbed against an inner face of the cell case when the power-generating elements 3 are housed in the cell case 1. Thus, the active materials are prevented from falling off from the positive and negative electrodes respectively and the current collectors are prevented from being broken. Consequently, a reduction in the cell performance can be prevented from being caused by an internal tiny short circuit between the electrodes further caused by fallen pieces of active material and broken pieces of the current collector.

[0057]FIG. 7 illustrates a section of the nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell comprising two elliptic cylindrical wound power-generating elements 3 having respective flat peripheral side faces superposed on each other and housed in the cell case 1. In each power-generating element 3, the positive electrode 3 a and negative electrode 3 b are wound with the separator 3 c interposed therebetween, whereupon the electrodes 3 a and 3 b are spirally wound on the winding core 9 having an elliptic cylindrical section. The winding core 9 is made of a resin having electrolytic resistance, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin.

[0058] In fabricating the aforesaid power-generating element 3, two separators 3 c are pressed by a pair of rollers 10 and wound from its forward end on the winding core 4 by one turn or more. Thereafter, the positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b are further would on the previously wound separators 3 c, together with the separators 3 c. Only the separators 3 c are then wound one turn after winding the electrodes 3 a and 3 b with the separators 3 c has been finished. A tape (not shown) made from polyphenyl-sulfite resin is bonded to an end of the separator 3 c. Furthermore, a peripheral side face of the power-generating element 3 is covered with a sheet member 7, and an adhesive tape 8 is bonded to a terminal end of the sheet member 8. A relatively large clamping force is applied to an arc portion S (see FIG. 7) of the power-generating element 3 manufactured as described above such that the positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b and separators 3 c are dense. On the contrary, the positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b and separators 3 c are sparse in a straight portion Q.

[0059] In order to inspect influences of the shape and dimensions of a power-generating element on the cell performance, the inventors made several nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cells comprising power-generating elements having different shapes and different dimensions (depth d, width w and height h) in the above-described method. Firstly, the positive electrode 3 a was made. A positive composite was made by mixing 87 wt-% lithium manganate as a positive active material, 8 wt-% polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, and 5 wt-% acetylene black as a conductive agent. N-methyl pyrolidone was added to the positive composite to be blended into a paste. Thereafter, the paste was applied to both sides of an aluminum foil substrate having a thickness of 20 μm and width of 155 mm, dried and rolled.

[0060] The negative electrode 3 b was then made by blending 95 wt-% graphite, 2 wt-% carboxymethyl cellulose, 3 wt-% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with a predetermined amount of water into a paste. The paste was applied to both sides of a copper foil substrate having a thickness of 15 μm and width of 155 mm, dried and rolled. A band-shaped microporous polyethylene film was used for a separator 3 c and had a thickness of 40 μm and width of 152 mm. A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin was used for a winding core 4 and had a thickness of 100 μm and width of 152 mm. The PET resin had a generally elliptic cylindrical section and each corner with a radius of 1 mm.

[0061] The aforesaid positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b, separators 3 c were wound on the winding core 9 so that seven types of power-generating elements were made. TABLE 1 shows different dimensions (depth d, width w, and height h) of the power-generating elements. Two power-generating elements 3 of each type were bound by a sheet member applied to peripheral side faces of the elements and were then housed into a cell case 1. Each of cell series A to G included five power-generating elements 3 (T=0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) differing from one another in the number T of turns of the separator 3 c at an initial stage of the winding. Thus, 35 types of cells were made. A tension applied to the positive and negative electrodes 3 a and 3 b and separator 3 c during the winding was constant. A polyphenyl sulfite resin having a thickness of 50 μm and width of 152 mm was used for the sheet member. The cell case was made of a stainless steel sheet having a thickness of 1 mm by welding and had outer dimensions determined so that a suitable pressure was applied to each power-generating element. A rated capacity (design capacity) of each cell was set at 46 Ah and the lengths of the electrodes of each cell were adjusted so that all the cells had the same amounts of active materials held on the positive and negative electrodes respectively. TABLE 1 Width w Depth d Height h Cell series (mm) (mm) (mm) (d-w)/w A 54.5 54.5 164 0 B 48.5 58.0 164 0.2 C 47.5 59.5 164 0.25 D 42.5 63.5 164 0.5 E 36.0 72.0 164 1 F 24.5 99.0 164 3 G 20.0 120.0 164 5

[0062] As for the electrolyte, 1 mol/lit. of LiPE₆ was solved in a solvent of mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in the volume ratio of 1:1. The separator 7 was impregnated with a resultant solution and the cell case 1 was hermetically sealed. Thus, five types of cells each with the design capacity of 46 Ah were made.

[0063] A service or discharge capacity (actual capacity) was measured for each of the 35 cells and compared with the rated capacity. TABLE 2 and FIG. 8 show the results of measurement. The values in TABLE 2 show percentage ratios of actual capacity to rated capacity. TABLE 2 Actual capacity/Rated capacity × 100 (%) Cell series T = 0 T = 1 T = 2 T = 3 T = 4 A 85.2 85.2 85.2 85.2 85.2 B 95.6 96.1 96.4 96.6 97.5 C 97.5 98.1 98.9 99.2 99.6 D 97.8 98.8 99.5 99.7 99.7 E 97.9 98.9 99.5 99.8 99.8 F 97.9 99.0 99.7 99.8 99.8 G 97.9 99.0 99.7 99.8 99.8

[0064] TABLE 2 and FIG. 8 show that when the length of the straight portion (d-w) is at or below 0.25 w, the actual capacity is increased with increase in the value of (d-w) and that when the value of (d-w) is above 0.25 w, the actual capacity exceeds the rated capacity of 97%. Furthermore, when the value of (d-w) is above 0.25 and the number of turns of the separator at the initial stage of the winding is two or more, the actual capacity is at or above 99% of the rated capacity.

[0065] The positive and negative electrodes and separators are wound with a relatively strong fastening force in the arc portion of the power-generating element having an elliptic cylindrical section. Accordingly, a speed of the electrolyte is lower when it permeates through the positive and negative electrodes and separators into an inner part of the arc portion than when it permeates into the straight portion. As obvious from the experimental results, it is considered that when the length (d-w) of the straight portion is set to be at or above w/4, the electrolyte retained in the straight portion gradually diffuses and permeates into the arc portion such that a sufficient amount of electrolyte can be retained even in the arc portion where the positive and negative electrodes and separators are wound with a relatively strong fastening force. In other words, it is considered that an amount of electrolyte retained in the straight portion and distribution gradient of the electrolyte affect the speed at which the electrolyte diffuses and permeates into the arc portion. With increase in the length of the straight portion, an amount of electrolyte retained in the straight portion is increased and the distribution gradient of the electrolyte is also increased.

[0066] When the value of (d-w) exceeds 10 w, the electrolyte retaining performance is the same as that when the value of (d-w) is at or below 10 w. Moreover, it is difficult to wind the electrodes and separators when the value of (d-w) exceeds 10 w. Further, when the value of (d-w) is large and, the interelectrode distance between the positive and negative electrodes is increased in the central peripheral flat portion of the power-generating element even if the peripheral side face of the power-generating element is bound by the sheet member. As a result, it is preferable that the value of (d-w) should be at or below 5 w.

[0067] The diffusion and penetration of electrolyte is enhanced in a circumferential portion when the penetration of electrolyte is promoted in an innermost circumferential portion R of the power-generating element 3 wound on the winding core 4. Accordingly, it is effective to cover the portion R with the separators 3 c first, whereby an axial penetration degree of electrolyte can be uniformed. More specifically, it is preferable that the positive and negative electrodes should be wound with the separator interposed therebetween after only the separator has been wound together one turn or more at the initial stage of the winding. Further, it is more preferable that only the separator should be wound two turns or more at the initial stage of the winding. The reason for this is that a sufficient amount of electrolyte penetrates into the innermost circumferential portion when the innermost circumferential portion is covered with the separator first and accordingly, an axial penetration degree of electrolyte can be uniformed.

[0068] The charge and discharge cycle test was carried out for a large-size nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell of the above-described cell series F (T=2). As a result, even when the charge and discharge were repeated 500 cycles, the discharge capacity of the cell only dropped 20%. Thus, the aforesaid large-size nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell revealed the similar cycle life characteristic to that of the small-size cell having a capacity of 1 Ah. Thus, when the peripheral side face of the power-generating element is bound by the sheet member even in the nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell comprising the above-described large-size power-generating elements, the interelectrode distance between the positive and negative electrodes is not changed even by repeated charge and discharge and the electrolyte is retained in the uniform state in the electrodes and separators, whereupon a fine cycle life characteristic can be achieved.

[0069] Further, no sudden capacity drop is not found in the changes in the discharge capacity with repeated charge and discharge cycle. The reason for this is that no tiny short-circuit is caused when the power-generating element is housed into the cell case. Conventionally, pieces of fallen active material and broken pieces of the current collector adhere to the positive or negative electrode during the repeated charge and discharge, resulting in the tiny short-circuit. Furthermore, since the peripheral side face of the power-generating element is bound by the sheet member and the substrate end of the arc portion of the power-generating element is bent, the active materials can be prevented from falling off from the positive and negative electrodes and the current collectors can be prevented from being broken.

[0070] In the first embodiment, two power-generating elements 3 are bound in their pressed state by the sheet member 7. Accordingly, the power-generating elements are clamped while the peripheral side flat portions of the power-generating elements are sufficiently pushed against each other. Consequently, the flat portions can reliably be prevented from swelling. However, the aforesaid pressing step can be eliminated when the two power-generating elements 3 are bound so tight that the flat portions sufficiently press each other. Moreover, two sheet members 7 are disposed over and below the power-generating elements and fixed together at both ends of the power-generating elements because the flat portions of both ends are pressed by a pressing machine. When the pressing step is eliminated, the peripheral side faces of two power-generating elements are covered with a single sheet member 7, which can then be fixed at a suitable location on the peripheral side face of the power-generating element.

[0071] Furthermore, the sheet member 7 has a width slightly smaller than the length of the power-generating element 3 in the first embodiment. However, for example, the sheet member 7 may have such a width as to cover only the central portion of the peripheral side face of the power-generating element. Further, a plurality of sheet members 7 each having a small width may cover a plurality of portions of the power-generating element. Moreover, when the sheet member 7 having the small width as described above, the flat portions at both ends of each power-generating element 3 include portions uncovered with the sheet member 7 respectively. Accordingly, when only the uncovered portions are pressed by a pressing machine, the overall peripheral side faces of the power-generating elements can be covered with only a single sheet member 7.

[0072] Two power-generating elements 3 are covered with the sheet member 7 in the first embodiment. However, three or more power-generating elements 3 may be covered with the sheet member, instead. For example, four power-generating elements 3 can be covered with the sheet member 7 into a bundle.

[0073] A part of the current collector 4 is held between two pairs of power-generating elements 3 in the first embodiment. For this purpose, the number of power-generating elements covered with a sheet member 7 is two. However, any construction may be employed for the current collector 4 connecting between the power-generating element 3 and the terminal 6. When the current collector 4 need not be held between the power-generating elements 3, four power-generating elements 3 can be covered with a sheet member 7 into a bundle. Furthermore, connection between the power-generating element 3 and the terminal 6 can be achieved without using the current collector 4.

[0074] The positive and negative electrodes are wound into an elliptic cylindrical shape in the first embodiment. As a result, the substrate ends are located at both ends of the wound electrodes. However, the arrangement of the power-generating element 3 should not be limited when the element is of the elliptic cylindrical wound type. More specifically, the electrodes may or may not be elliptic cylindrical during winding. After the electrodes have been wound into a cylindrical shape, the cylinder may be pressed at both sides thereof so as to be formed into the elliptic cylindrical shape. Additionally, until a plurality of power-generating elements 3 are covered with the sheet member 7, a section of each power-generating element perpendicular to a winding axis may be elliptic or of another shape but not elliptic cylindrical.

[0075] The substrate ends 3 a′ and 3 b′ located at the end faces of the power-generating element 3 are put between the paired electrode collectors 4 b of the current collector 4 to be connected in the second embodiment. The shape of the current collector 4 should not be limited to the one described above with reference to the drawings. The connecting structure between the electrodes 3 and 3 b and the current collector 4 should not be limited to the one described above with reference to the drawings.

[0076] Furthermore, if current collection is possible with active materials being applied to the respective electrodes, the current collectors 4 may be connected to the electrodes 3 a and 3 b to which the active materials have been applied. The current collectors 4 may be connected to electrodes 3 a and 3 b both using no current collectors.

[0077] The invention is applied to a nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell in each embodiment. However, the invention may be applied to other types of secondary cells or primary cells when two or more power-generating elements 3 of the wound type. Thus, the invention may be applied to every type of cell.

[0078] An overall peripheral end of each substrate end 3 a′, 3 b′ or a part of the peripheral end thereof can be bent in a nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell including one or more power-generating elements. Thus, the invention can be applied to substantially all the types of cells including a wound type power-generating element 3. For example, the power-generating element may be of cylindrical wound type or of another type. Thus, the invention should not be limited in the type of a cell and the shape of a wound power-generating element 3.

[0079] The foregoing description and drawings are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed in a limiting sense. Various changes and modifications will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. All such changes and modifications are seen to fall into the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A cell comprising: a plurality of power-generating elements each of which includes a strip-like positive electrode and a strip-like negative electrode both wound into an elliptic cylinder with a separator being interposed therebetween, each power-generating element having a peripheral face including at least a flat portion; a cell case for housing the power-generating elements, the cell case having an opening; and a cover hermetically sealing the opening of the cell case, wherein the flat portion of each power-generating element is superposed on the flat portion of the adjacent power-generating element, and a sheet member is wound around peripheries of the power-generating elements superposed to fasten the power-generating elements such that the power-generating elements are integrated.
 2. A cell according to claim 1, wherein the sheet member comprises a synthetic resin, cloth, unwoven cloth or paper.
 3. A cell according to claim 1, wherein the sheet member has an end to which a tape provided with an adhesive agent is secured such that the power-generating elements are integrated.
 4. A cell according to claim 1, wherein each electrode includes a substrate further including a portion to which an active material is applied and an end to which no active material is applied, the electrodes are wound so that the active material applied portions of the positive and negative electrodes are opposed to each other with the separator being interposed therebetween, the substrates of the positive and negative electrodes have respective one ends located opposite to each other with opposed portions of the electrodes being located therebetween, and the elliptic substrate end of the positive and/or negative electrode includes a part thereof including at least an arc portion bent in a direction of a central winding axis.
 5. A cell according to claim 4, further comprising a positive electrode current collector and a negative current collector both connected to the substrate ends of the positive and negative electrodes respectively.
 6. A cell according to claim 5, further comprising a positive terminal and a negative terminal both provided on the cover, a first plate for holding the positive plate and a second plate for holding the negative electrode, wherein each of the positive and negative current collectors includes a main portion and a plurality of positive and negative electrode connecting portions branched out from the main portion, the positive electrode substrate end and positive electrode connecting portion of the positive electrode current collector are held by the first plate to be joined together, the negative electrode substrate end and negative electrode connecting portion of the negative electrode current collector are held by the second plate to be joined together, and the main portions of the positive and negative current collectors are connected to the positive and negative terminals respectively.
 7. A cell comprising: a plurality of power-generating elements each of which includes a strip-like positive electrode and a strip-like negative electrode both wound into an elliptical cylinder with a separator being interposed therebetween, each power-generating element having a peripheral face including at least a flat portion; a cell case for housing the power-generating elements therein, the cell case having an opening; a cover hermetically sealing the opening of the cell case; and a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode current collector, wherein each electrode includes a substrate further including a portion to which an active material is applied and an end to which no active material is applied, the electrodes are wound so that the active material applied portions of the positive and negative electrodes are opposed to each other with the separator being interposed therebetween, the substrates of the positive and negative electrodes have respective one ends located opposite to each other with opposed portions of the electrodes being held therebetween, and the elliptic substrate end of the positive and/or negative electrode includes a part thereof including at least an arc portion bent in a direction of a central winding axis.
 8. A cell according to claim 7, further comprising a positive terminal and a negative terminal both provided on the cover, a first plate for holding the positive plate and a second plate for holding the negative electrode, wherein each of the positive and negative current collectors includes a main portion and a plurality of positive and negative electrode connecting portions branched out from the main portion, the positive electrode substrate end and positive electrode connecting portion of the positive electrode current collector are held by the first plate to be joined together, the negative electrode substrate end and negative electrode connecting portion of the negative electrode current collector are held by the second plate to be joined together, the negative electrode substrate end and negative electrode connecting portion of the negative electrode current collector are held by the second plate to be joined together, and the main portions of the positive and negative current collectors are connected to the positive and negative terminals respectively.
 9. A cell comprising a plurality of power-generating elements each of which includes a generally band-shaped positive electrode and a generally band-shaped negative electrode both wound into an elliptical cylinder with a separator being interposed therebetween, each power-generating element having a peripheral face including at least a generally flat portion, wherein a following relationship is met: w/4≦d-w≦10w where d is a width of the power-generating element, and w is a thickness of the power--generating element.
 10. A cell according to claim 9, further comprising a core around which the positive and negative electrodes are wound into an elliptic cylinder with a separator being interposed therebetween, wherein the separator is singly wound around the core two or more turns at an initial wound portion of the power-generating element and the positive and negative electrodes are wound on said turns of the separator with the separator being interposed therebetween.
 11. A cell according to claim 1, wherein a following relationship is met: w/4≦d-w≦10w where d is a width of the power-generating element, and w is a thickness of the power-generating element.
 12. A cell according to claim 11, further comprising a core around which the positive and negative electrodes are wound into an elliptic cylinder with a separator being interposed therebetween, wherein the separator is singly wound around the core two or more turns at an initial wound portion of the power-generating element and the positive and negative electrodes are wound on said turns of the separator with the separator being interposed therebetween.
 13. A cell according to claim 4, wherein a following relationship is met: w/4≦d-w≦10w where d is a width of the power-generating element, and w is a thickness of the power-generating element.
 14. A cell according to claim 13, further comprising a core around which the positive and negative electrodes are wound into an elliptical cylinder with a separator being interposed therebetween, wherein the separator is singly wound around the core two or more turns at an initial wound portion of the power-generating element and the positive and negative electrodes are wound on said turns of the separator with the separator being interposed therebetween.
 15. A cell according to claim 7, wherein a following relationship is met: w/4≦d-w≦10w where d is a width of the power-generating element, and w is a thickness of the power-generating element.
 16. A cell according to claim 15, further comprising a core around which the positive and negative electrodes are wound into an elliptical cylinder with a separator being interposed therebetween, wherein the separator is singly wound around the core two or more turns at an initial wound portion of the power-generating element and the positive and negative electrodes are wound on said turns of the separator with the separator being interposed therebetween. 